What’s the Difference Between the Four Stratum Levels?
Mar 8, 2019 · The Network Time Protocol (NTP) is a hierarchical protocol divided into “stratum levels” that define the distance from a reference clock timing source. The standard "Synchronization Interface Standards for Digital Networks," first released in 1987 by the American National Standards Institute (ANSI), lays out all of the official information and requirements for Stratum System Levels.
Understanding Mixers and Their Parameters - Microwaves & RF
Jul 8, 2015 · The three ports of a mixer are known as the intermediate-frequency (IF), radio-frequency (RF), and local-oscillator (LO) ports. The LO port is usually an input port." The RF and IF ports can be used interchangeably, depending on whether the mixer is being used to perform upconversion or downconversion. The LO signal is typically the strongest ...
Future Directions in RF PCB Design and Design Tools
May 13, 2022 · This webinar, the fifth in our 2024 series of events with members of Microwaves & RF's Editorial Advisory Board or their representatives, will examine the future of RF PCB design and design tools. David Vye, Product Management Director at Cadence, is responsible for the company’s product messaging and positioning in the RF/microwave market.
What’s the Difference Between RMS and Peak Watts?
Sep 6, 2024 · So, if you’re going to spend your hard cash on a surround-sound speaker, subwoofer, or even an amplifier, you'll need to have basic information on power ratings.This comprehensive guide will help you understand these two values to assist in you assembling a decent sound system.
VADR Radar System Adds C-Band Range | Microwaves & RF
Oct 11, 2024 · The U.S. Air Force Advanced Radar Threat System Variant3 (ARTS-V3) system is extending its spectral reach into C-band with the latest advances from Lockheed Martin.The variable-aperture digital radar (VADR, see figure) now includes C-band technology along with its existing X-band frequency coverage for increased long-range adversarial threat coverage.
Where Are They Now? - Microwaves & RF
Dec 4, 2011 · LNR Communications is now part of L3-Narda in Hauppauge, NY. Logimetrics (a supplier of laboratory-grade traveling-wave-tube amplifiers) was absorbed into Instruments For Industry (IFI). IFI has confirmed that several of the Logimetrics guys are there and they can evaluate and/or repair Logimetrics amps.
Phased-Array Antenna Patterns (Part 3)—Linear-Array Beam ...
Aug 17, 2020 · The array factor, GA(θ), was used for a 16-element linear array, with a λ/2 spacing, and a uniform radiation pattern. The total pattern is a linear multiplication of the element factor and array factor, so in a dB scale, they can be added together.
Primer: Spectrum Analyzer Fundamentals | Microwaves & RF
Oct 9, 2024 · White Paper. Primer: Spectrum Analyzer Fundamentals. Oct. 9, 2024. Theory and Operation of Modern Spectrum Analyzers – How modern spectrum analyzers are designed and how they work. As wireless devices and systems spread across every industry, spectrum analyzers serve as an essential RF test tool for characterizing signals and making frequency ...
Times Microwave Systems | Microwaves & RF
Nov 18, 2021 · Times Microwave Systems was founded in 1948 as the Times Wire and Cable Company. The company pioneered closed cell low-loss polyethylene foam and taped PTFE dielectric coaxial cables. Those developments established today's high-performance coaxial cable industry. Expanding our RF and microwave connector design and manufacturing expertise ...
Block EMI/RFI with Shields and Filters - Microwaves & RF
Aug 30, 2018 · Noise can start from inside or outside an RF/microwave circuit or system, but it’s controllable when adding filters and shields that target electromagnetic interference (EMI) and radio-frequency interference (RFI). Both types of components provide reasonable noise suppression and, with proper planning, add little to the size and cost to a design.