It is suggested that structures that activate the limbic cortices (MS, SUM, and VTA but not the median raphe) or mediate the output of the hippocampus (NAC and VP) normally participate in ...

In females, optogenetic stimulation of VTA-NAc projections with rapid, burst-like patterns reinforced preference for females, while slower, steady stimulation increased preference for males.

But six months later, VTA has identified a fraction of that amount in savings, leaving a gap of hundreds of millions of dollars. The Federal Transit Administration announced in August 2024 that it ...