In females, optogenetic stimulation of VTA-NAc projections with rapid, burst-like patterns reinforced preference for females, while slower, steady stimulation increased preference for males.

San Jose, Calif. - VTA has pledged to increase contracting opportunities for minority-owned businesses in its ongoing BART expansion into San Jose. Sergio Lopez, mayor of Campbell and chair of VTA ...

Whole-cell recordings in brain slices from adult mice revealed that VTA neurons projecting to the NAc lateral shell are 'classical', slow-firing dopamine neurons that resemble mesostriatal neurons.