Since the discovery of the double-helical structure of DNA and postulation of the central dogma of molecular biology, stating that the flow of genetic information goes from DNA to RNA to protein, the ...

Guanine quadruplexes (G-quadruplexes or G4s) are unusual nucleic acid structures with distinct biological and chemical functions. They have occupied significant attention in the nucleic acid world ...

Inside cells, DNA twists and coils itself into a variety of different secondary structures—including i-motifs (iMs) and ...

In the world of biomolecules such as proteins and the hereditary nucleic acids DNA and RNA, three-dimensional structure determines function. Analysis of the passage of such molecules through nanopores ...

This diagram depicts the chemical structure of pyrimidine, a six-membered aromatic ring with two nitrogen atoms at positions 1 and 3 (highlighted in blue). The remaining positions are occupied by ...

Nucleic acids are complex biological molecules that store and transmit genetic information in all living organisms. They are essential for the survival and reproduction of life on Earth. The two main ...

As tough as medieval chainmail armor and as soft as a contact lens. This material is not taken from science fiction, it is a ...

Everything on Earth is made of atoms, most of which are closely packed together in the form of minerals. Life has its uses for minerals—ask a coral reef—but its essence lies in atoms arranged as ...

Back in the bad old days, dealing with DNA and RNA in a lab setting was often fraught with peril. Detection technologies were limited to radioisotopes and hideous chemicals like ethidium bromide, a ...

In 1979, Alexander Rich, PhD, and his colleagues solved the structure of a self-complementary DNA hexamer and discovered that the molecule formed a left-handed double helix (Z-DNA). (Credit: Journal ...