Every year, abiotic stress factors such as drought, heat, salinity or high light intensity—combined with unfavorable soil conditions caused by human activity (herbicides, pH changes, or various ...

(1) Needles of Sitka spruce were illuminated on either the top or bottom surfaces or on both surfaces simultaneously, using parallel beam light. (2) `Sun' needles had higher maximum net photosynthetic ...

Light plays a fundamental role in the growth and development of plants. It serves as an essential energy source for photosynthesis and also influences various physiological processes, including seed ...