The circuit shown in Figure 1 illustrates one of the most basic versions of the buck-boost voltage regulator. An electrical switch is connected in series with the line input to regulate the circuit.

The widespread usage of powerful energy accumulators (batteries and supercapacitors) is leading to improvements in current management. A bidirectional DC/DC converter can prolong the battery’s life ...

For those living before the invention of the transistor, the modern world must appear almost magical. Computers are everywhere now and are much more reliable, but there are other less obvious changes ...