Cylindrical vector beam (CVB) multiplexing has emerged as a powerful technique to boost signal channels. Coupling and separating CVBs are two pivotal elements in CVB multiplexing communication.

The focus of a scalar vortex beam results into a transverse-axial polarization vector texture around the phase singularity, mapped from Gauss-Stokes Poincaré sphere, and forming a skyrmion. In ...

Two geophysical teams working concurrently to complete the programs promptly The reconnaissance VIP surveys are being used to cover large tracts of ground relatively quickly compared to other induced ...