According to Thomas Kuhn, the scientific progress of any discipline could be distinguished by a pre-paradigm phase, a normal science phase and a revolution phase. The science advances when a ...

There is nothing more difficult to take in hand, more perilous to conduct, or more uncertain in its success, than to take the lead in the introduction of a new order of things. – Niccolo Machiavelli, ...

PARADIGM” comes from Latin, paradigma — to compare, to show alongside something else. A paradigm then is a metaphor. Shifting a paradigm means changing the metaphor. When old assumptions, concepts, ...

This year marks the fiftieth anniversary of the publication of a highly influential book, The Structure of Scientific Revolutions by the physicist and historian Thomas Kuhn 1. This is the book that ...

Fear conditioning is one of the most widely used animal models for studying the neurobiological basis of fear and anxiety states. Conditioned inhibition of fear (or learned safety), however, is a ...