Radiation is energy that moves from one place to another in a form that can be described as waves or particles. We are exposed to radiation in our everyday life. Some of the most familiar sources of ...

Written by Prof. Renald Blundell and Dr Jean Claude Grech Ionizing radiation is a form of energy released by atoms in the form of electromagnetic waves such as gamma, x-rays or particles such as ...

This chapter presents models that allow one to estimate the lifetime risk of cancer resulting from any specified dose of ionizing radiation and applies these models to example exposure scenarios for ...

Protons give an atom its identity, electrons its personality,” is the way in which author Bill Bryson once colourfully described the fabric of all matter. It is an appropriate description of the ...