Of the symbiotic relationships, mutualism, where both species benefit from the relationship, is the most exciting form. How two disparate species can form a cooperative where both benefit seems like ...

In Tanzania, we watched on many occasions when small flocks of red-billed birds descended upon the backs of giraffes, cape buffalo, elephants and hippopotamuses, prancing around like they owned them.

Symbiosis is the long-term relationship between two different species that can sometimes be beneficial to both parties. These ...

Endosymbiotic relationships—in which one organism lives within another—are striking examples of mutualism, and can often significantly shape the biology of the participant species. In new findings ...

The intricate relationships between cleaner fish and cleaner shrimp underpin some of the most compelling examples of mutualism in coral reef ecosystems. These interactions involve smaller organisms ...