Joint source-channel coding/decoding (JSCC/JSCD) techniques have become state-of-the-art and one of the challenging research subjects in the spatial communication area. This paper addresses the basic ...

Digital to digital conversion involves three techniques that include line coding, block coding and scrambling. However, among the techniques mentioned, line coding is the most essential. Line coding ...

Information is encoded in the brain by populations or clusters of cells, rather than by single cells. This encoding strategy is known as population coding. Here we review the standard use of ...

Early digital video compression solutions primarily focused on applications that do not require real-time interaction, such as in TV broadcast, video-on-demand and DVD playback. In these applications ...