The voltage across the ends of the cell is called the terminal potential difference, \(V_{tpd}\). \(V_{tpd}\) can also be calculated as \(I R\) where \(R\) is the load resistance. Voltage is a ...

I FOUND some time ago l that glasses in aqueous solutions show the electromotive force of a solid electrolyte: the ion in the solid glass determines the potential difference against the solution.