You have designed an op-amp circuit to measure a small voltage. The circuit gain is -10V/V, but it appears that the input impedance to the circuit is effecting the device as it is being measured. How ...

All engineers know resistance is usually bad news. It generates heat. It reduces efficiency. It wears out components and cuts operational lifetimes. However, resistance is not the only kind of ...

Oscilloscopes are one of our favorite tools for electronics development. They make the hidden dances of electrons visually obvious to us, and give us a clear understanding of what’s actually going on ...

Sometimes, it's necessary to make microvolt measurements in the presence of volts. For example, the need arose to measure the thermoelectric potentials in an RTD ...

Crowbar circuits have long been the go-to safeguard against overvoltage conditions, prized for their simplicity and ...

Don�t heap all the blame for a wrong measurement on the DMM. There can be several less obvious sources of the errors. Testing assemblies and components usually includes checking the continuity of ...

Wherever circuits need protection against current overloads or short circuits, you’ll find circuit breakers. They range from fingernail-sized devices for semiconductor protection to truck-sized ...