Flapping micro aerial vehicles (MAVs) emulate the unsteady aerodynamic mechanisms of insects and small birds, exploiting rapid wing motions to generate lift, thrust and control forces within a low ...

The insect-like exo-skeleton design of this microdrone uses composites because weight has a major impact on flight times. The structural architecture of the MD4-200 uses epoxy resin reinforced with ...

As an emerging frontier in biomimetic intelligent microsystems, insect-scale flapping-wing micro aerial vehicles (FWMAVs) demonstrate significant application potential due to their exceptional ...

Three distinct phenomena are observed: (1) depression stage—surface sinking without droplets; (2) fountain stage—mild deformation with outward splashing; and (3) boiling stage—intense droplet ejection ...